VTEI / List of articles

List of articles from – 1/2023

Dynamics of micropollutant loads into water supply reservoirs Vír I, Opatovice and Ludkovice

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Pesticides are still an important group of substances involved in surface water pollution. Their increased occurrence in watercourses in the agricultural landscape is mainly linked to rainfall-runoff conditions, types of cultivated crops, and methods of agricultural management. In order to capture these factors, passive sampling techniques were chosen for the assessment of the load of these substances in selected catchments of water supply reservoirs in the administration of Povodí Moravy State Enterprise. These techniques consist of continuous exposure for several weeks with gradual (integrative) capture of pollution on suitable sorbents. The POCIS (polar organic chemical integrative samplers) were chosen in this work – widely used samplers suitable for capturing polar organic substances. They were applied in eight consecutive sampling campaigns to cover the entire growing season. The aim was to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics (in monthly steps) of selected pesticides and their metabolites into five water supply reservoirs. Due to the scope of the obtained data, this article is focused on the presentation of the results of tributaries into water supply reservoirs Vír I, Opatovice, and Ludkovice, which were monitored in 2021. When the sampling rate Rs was published, it was possible to recalculate the pollution captured by the passive sampler to average concentration during exposure. The results showed which tributaries into the reservoirs were loaded by these hazardous substances in the individual periods of the growing season. The results can be compared with the type of crops grown in a given year.

Impact of weir construction at locality Abovce (Slovakia) on groundwater levels – a case study from Slaná river basin

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The construction of weirs on rivers affects the dynamics of groundwater levels. The weir built on the river Slaná in the year 2010 between the village of Abovce and Chanava brought the opportunity to study such impact due to preexisting groundwater monitoring wells of the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute. to verify the impact of the constructed weir on groundwater dynamics in the area, records of weekly data were used ranging from 1986 to 2018. In addition, the spatial range of influenced areas was carried out using geographical information systems, and spatial interpolation techniques were used. The results showed that immediately after the construction of the weir, the groundwater level rose significantly.

Potential of areas protected for surface water storage to mitigate the impacts of climate change on drinking water supply

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In the Czech Republic, areas morphologically, geologically and hydrologically suitable for surface water storage to mitigate the adverse effects of floods and droughts are defined through the General Plan for Surface Water Accu-mulation Areas. In the context of climate change, these locations create potential for possible adaptation measures. This article describes the assessment of the potential of selected sites for water supply under climate change condi-tions by means of hydrological and water balance modelling.

Small headwater catchments – spatial delimitation and their classification in terms of runoff risks

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This article presents an aerial delineation of small headwater catchments up to 5 km2 in the Czech Republic. The aim was not only to present the delineation of these catchments, but also their categorization in terms of the characteristics affecting the formation of direct runoff. Direct runoff caused by torrential rainfall is a very dynamic process of episodic nature and has a major impact specifically in small catchments. The delineation of small headwater catchments, where the aforementioned processes take place, can complement the standard hierarchical classification of basins in the Czech Republic. These basins make up 80 % of the Czech Republic.

Modelling flow distribution in inlet galleries

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The main objective of the article was to optimize the facilities used to distribute flows in inlet galleries, which are used not only in water treatment plants, but also in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). While working in the field of WWTP, it was found that there are no optimized facilities in the Czech Republic or globally for uniform distribution of flows to any number of inlet branches into reservoirs of the same flow rate.  Currently, in most unregulated facilities, there are significant differences between the various inlet branches to the reservoirs. In regulated facilities, the outlets must be regulated at each change in flow rate and, for changes in the number of inlets to the reservoir (e.g., due to reservoir shutdown), each outlet must be manually adjusted (e.g., using a sluice gate) so that all inlets to reservoirs have the same flow rate. In more modern cases, the sluice is equipped with an electric motor for changing the position and a probe sensing the level. The central unit then calculates the flow rate in the individual reservoir inlets and adjusts the position of the sluice gates so that the same flow rate is achieved everywhere. The objective of the research was to optimize the distribution facility so that the inlets to the reservoirs reach similar values for the flow rate when both the inflow to the distribution facility and the number of inlet branches to the reservoirs are changed, without significant regulation at the distribution facility. In order to make the research easily applicable to as many distribution facility as possible, the most commonly used flow distribution facilities (fountain spillway, flume with outlets fitted with a sluice gate and probe for level monitoring, etc.) were selected to address the issue. Different flow conditions were simulated on the selected facilities (in different variants and shapes); after their analysis the facilities were optimized in order to achieve the most similar flows at the inlets to the individual reservoirs.

Interview with Jaroslav Pollert, professor at the Faculty of Civil Engineering at CTU and a successful Czechoslovak representative in canoeing

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An interview with Jaroslav Pollert, professor of the Faculty of Civil Engineering at CTU and a successful Czechoslovak representative in canoeing, about his work as part of the Executive Committee of the International Canoeing Federation (ICF), the Czechoslovak and later the Czech Olympic Committee, about his professional career focused on the hydrodynamics of dispersion systems including, among other things, designing channels for water slalom and about his view on water management studies at Czech universities.

The history of the grey water footprint, or let’s quote the originator of the idea

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The water footprint was introduced in 2002 [1] and quickly became a popular tool for assessing anthropogenic impacts associated with human activities. The basic methodological document that describes the water footprint methodology is the Water Footprint Assessment Manual from 2011 [2]. The water footprint consists of three components, depending on the source and type of water use: 1) the blue water footprint represents water consumption from water sources, i.e. taken from rivers, lakes, and aquifers, 2) the green water footprint represents the consumption of water that comes from precipitation and is stored on the surface of the soil or plants or as soil moisture, and is consumed mainly by evapotranspiration, 3) the grey water footprint represents the amount of water needed to assimilate anthropogenic pollution based on the natural background concentration and existing environmental water quality standards.

Circular sample 2022

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Okružní vzorek neboli okružák je vzorek, který umožňuje zejména laboratořím porovnávat své odborné dovednosti mezi sebou. Oficiálně jde o zkoušení způsobilosti laboratoří, jež probíhá pod záštitou Střediska pro posuzování způsobilosti laboratoří (ASLAB), a to v oblasti, na kterou se daná laboratoř zaměřuje (hydrobiologická, mikrobiologická, chemická či radiochemická). Článek informuje o přípravě okružního vzorku, jehož testování bylo součástí Určovacího kurzu klanonožců pořádaném v roce 2022 skupinou zooplanktonářů České limnologické společnosti (Limnospol).