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Čeština (Czech)
The project “Submerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia“ was solved in the T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, p. r. i., in 2013–2016. Project DF13P01OVV012 was founded by the Programme of applied research and development of national and cultural identity (NAKI) supported by Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.
The construction of water dams fundamentally changes nature and landscape not only in the flooded areas but also out of them, including all structures and links and leading to habitat loss. Three characteristically different South Moravian water reservoirs – the Vranov Dam, the Brno Dam and system of water reservoirs of Nové Mlýny have been studied in the project “Submerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia” (DF13P01OVV012) supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic.
One of the fundamental branches of landscape ecology is the assessment of changes in a landscape through comparisons of its state (usage) at different points in time. This typically employs maps, photographs, and aerial and satellite photography.
This paper deals impacts of building of water reservoirs on land use changes in floodplains and adjacent areas of three reservoirs in southern Moravia – Nové Mlýny, Vranov, Brno. To monitor the development of land use the old topographic maps were used.
The ever-increasing number of floods in the lower reaches of the Dyje and Svratka caused the need to adjust their flows. In the 20th century was the need for dams to be built. The landscape allowed their construction near Vranov at Dyje and Kníničky at Svratka.
The period deals with the long development period, which later flooded the municipalities in accordance with the development of the Moravian countryside from the early modern period to the beginnings of the formation of civil society, the life of the inhabitants influenced the serfdom, the subservience, the robot work and the supremacy of the owners of the estate.
All three flooded areas lied in a different natural environment that shaped their fates. Archaeological sources have irreplaceable significance for understanding the changes in settlements. If no archaeological research was carried out before the construction of the Vranov Dam and the Brno Dam and we only depend on the findings from the surroundings, so before the construction of the dam on Dyje, the flooded area was systematically and archeologically investigated.
Within the project “Submerged cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia” a large amount of data was collected on the composition of aquatic and marsh plant communities in the Svratka and Dyje/Thaya Rivers before building reservoirs on these rivers.
When considering the development of water management and changes in the natural environment in the catchment area of the monitored water works, it is obvious that the most fundamental changes occurred on the areas directly flooded by the dam water, however the impact of the water management works is considerably larger.
Interview with doc. Ing. Antonín Buček, Ph.D., czech landscape ecologist, on the topic of the project and published book Flooded the cultural and natural heritage of South Moravia.
